From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Close relationships

Affinity • Attachment • Bonding • Casual • Cohabitation • Compersion • Concubinage • Courtship • Divorce • Dower, dowry and bride price • Friendship • Family • Husband • Infatuation • Intimacy • Jealousy • Limerence • Love • Marriage • Monogamy • Nonmonogamy • Office romance • Passion • Partner • Pederasty • Polygamy• Platonic love • Psychology of monogamy • Relationship abuse • Romance • Sexuality • Separation • Wedding • Widowhood • Wife v • d • e

An office romance, work romance, or corporate affair is a romance that occurs between two people who work together in the same office, work location, or business. It tends to breach nonfraternization policies and is a foreseeable business expense. The relationship between affair partners at work can be as wide as intern and president; company CEO and member of the board; supervisor and supervisee; company representative and client; boss and secretary, and so on. And it can be between peers or colleagues at the same level in the organization. It can concurrently or after the fact come to be interpreted as sexual harassment ^{[1] [2] [3]}. Intra-office romance between an executive and an employee can presage sexual harassment claims, to which email records bear witness ^{[4] [5]}.

The suspicion that an advantage is gained by 'sleeping with the boss' in a competitive environment ensures that these transactions occur by stealth. To have a powerful influence on the opportunities placed in one's path, one does not have to engage in sexual intercourse. A special relationship could be enough to gain leverage where business opportunities are in short supply. This fuzzy boundary can be nuanced by practiced players in order to provide deniability when required. Neither does one have to be directly involved in the affair for the knowledge of it to be useful currency — discretion in exchange for advantage.

Office romances are generally believed to be unhelpful to the welfare and effectiveness of the business and to the network of relationships that comprise it. They contain the potential for abuse, alliance, and distraction ^[6]. Thus they are discouraged and even prohibited in some company policy. Describing an office relationship as a romance can be cover for a form of workplace bullying ^{[7] [8]}. Public displays of affection can result in workplace conflict as it can make co-workers uncomfortable.

Some possibly beneficial effects of office romances have also been identified, including the potential to motivate those in the relationship, lead them to spend more time at work, improve the quality of their work, and reduce their absenteeism.^[9]

There are 20 million office romances going on in the United States alone.^[10] In its 2003 nationwide survey Vault found that 47 percent of workers have participated in an office romance and an additional 19 percent would be willing to do so if the opportunity arose. Vault's 2003 Office Romance Survey is based on responses from over 1,000 professionals at companies nationwide. In addition, 13 percent of respondents said their employer had a policy regarding office dating, 51 percent said their company has no policy, and 36 percent said they didn't know whether one existed ^[11]. When asked to comment about romance in the workplace, respondents replied:

• "Office romance is bound to happen. If you have people sharing common interests (work) + extended time together (40 hrs) + physical attraction = a perfect match."
• "Nothing wrong with office romance and it is actually a good thing, because I look forward to going to work to see my crush. I think that the consulting industry has the highest rate of office romance because you're constantly out on the road, and it can get pretty lonely."
• "Where else can you really see what somebody is like on a day-to-day basis? Usually office behavior/personality carries over to the private life. If someone is courteous, outgoing, understanding, etc, they will be that way in a romantic relationship as well and you typically spend 8-12 hours at work and it is a very good way to get to know someone."
• "When you work 80 hours per week, it is sometimes hard to meet anyone. You spend all your time in the office." ^[12]

In a 2003 survey of over 390 managers and executives last year by the American Management Association, 30 percent said they had dated a co-worker, and two-thirds said they approved of employees' dating in the workplace. Of those 67 percent, 96 percent said it was okay to date co-workers, and 24 percent said it was okay for employees to date their bosses.^[13]

Few companies have a defined policy against office romance according to the 2006 Workplace Romance survey of 493 HR professionals and 408 employees by the Society for Human Resource Management. Only 9% of those surveyed prohibit dating among employees, and more than 70% of organizations have no formal written or verbal policies about office romance.^[14] None of the top 25 Fortune 500 companies have such policies.^[15] Some writers argue that the cost of having a formal policy may outweigh the benefits, as inevitable fraternization will be driven underground. The most common and legally enforceable policy states that supervisors cannot date employees within their direct chain of command. ^[16] Wal-Mart policy forbids married employees from dating co-workers.^[15]

An office romance is sometimes a breach of either formal or informal fraternization policies.

It has been studied as an operation of power dynamics in romantic incubator relationships ^{[17] [18] [19] [20]}. Working closely with or living near someone and forming a romantic relationships may incubate romance through the propinquity effect. It evolves from collegiate relationship to limerence quickly and covertly - sometimes this is described as 'having a crush.' Affairs begin one conversation at a time, often without either party admitting to themselves that they intend a deeper connection. 'It just happened' may be the subsequent claim. In fact, the time between a so-called innocent beginning and the first kiss is usually considerable, but the time between that kiss and sexual intercourse is usually short. People involved in this way can appear to themselves to have landed in trouble very quickly, when in fact there was a slow fuse burning long before ignition ^[21].

The process of disengaging an office affair requires careful and non-punitive examination at every level of the organization in order to understand affair dynamics at work. That will assist in preventing breaches of employment contracts where that is possible. The challenges of that process suggest the value of family friendly employment conditions.

• List of human resource management topics
• Hostile environment sexual harassment
• Sexual harassment
• Sexual harassment in education
• Workplace bullying
• Adultery
• Infidelity
• Affair
• Extramarital sex
• Emotional affair
• Mistress (lover)

1. ^ *Kamir, Orit. "Israel's 1998 Sexual Harassment Law: Prohibiting Sexual Harassment, Sexual Stalking, and Degradation Based on Sexual Orientation in the Workplace and in all Social Settings." International Journal of Discrimination and Law, 2005, 7 , 315-336.
2. ^ *Watson, Helen. "Red herrings and mystifications: Conflicting perceptions of sexual harassment," in Brant, Clare, and Too, Yun Lee, eds., Rethinking Sexual Harassment. Boulder, Colorado, Pluto Press, 1994.
3. ^ *Westhues, Kenneth. Eliminating Professors: A Guide to the Dismissal Process. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1998.
4. ^ Inter-office romance has HR preparing for sexual harassment claims retrieved from [1] May 25, 2007
5. ^ Powell. GN 'Workplace romances between senior-level executives and lower-level employees: An issue of work disruption and gender' Human Relations, Vol. 54, No. 11, 1519-1544 (2001)
6. ^ SIlls, J 'Love at Work 'How to get away with an office romance' retrieved from [2] May 25 2007
7. ^ More men claiming sexual harassment retrieved from [3] May 25, 2007
8. ^ Love, Lust and the Law - Sexual harassment in the academy retrieved from [4] May 25, 2007
9. ^ Handling an Office Romance.
10. ^ [5]
11. ^ Survey: 47 Percent of Workers Admit to Office Romance retrieved from [6] May 25, 2007
12. ^ Survey: 47 Percent of Workers Admit to Office Romance retrieved from [7] May 25, 2007
13. ^ Taboo on office romance fading, Andrea Minarcek, Cox News Service, Jun. 29, 2004.
14. ^ Retrieved from Canadian Management training [8] May 25, 2007
15. ^ ^{a b} Surviving an Office Romance without Jeopardizing Your Job, Lesley Alderman, Feb. 1, 1995.
16. ^ Ballou, JA. Companies calculate potential cost of workplace romance Silicon Valley / San Jose Business Journal - March 2, 2007 retrieved from [9] May 25, 2007
17. ^ Mainiero, LA 'A Review and Analysis of Power Dynamics in Organizational Romances' The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Oct., 1986), pp. 750-762 doi:10.2307/258394. Abstract:Anecdotal, case history, and field survey reports on organizational romances are reviewed to develop a theoretical framework of power dynamics in organizational romances. Internally, the relationship is viewed as an exchange relation among three domains of power; externally, the relationship is viewed as a coalition formation that may create instability in the work group. The limitations of the existing research and the implications for management intervention also are discussed' retrieved from [10] May 25, 2007
18. ^ Quinn RE 'Coping with Cupid: The Formation, Impact, and Management of Romantic Relationships in Organizations' Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 30-45 doi:10.2307/2391744
19. ^ Pierce, CA, Byrne, D. Aguinis, H. 'Attraction in Organizations: A Model of Workplace Romance' Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 5-32
20. ^ PIERCE CA, AGUINIS H 'Bridging the gap between romantic relationships and sexual harassment in organizations' Journal of Organizational Behavior Volume 18, Issue 3 , Pages 197 - 200 Abstract: Workplace romances and sexual harassment are two phenomena that share a social-sexual component, but have been treated as unrelated issues at work. This article draws a theoretical affective link between workplace romances and sexual harassment and discusses conditions where workplace romances may result in sexual harassment and the implications of the romance-harassment link for management.
21. ^ Shirley Glass 'Not Just Friends'